2014 Ohio Performance Test
Ohio State University Extension
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
The Ohio State University
Horticulture and Crop Science Series 228 - August 2014
Rich Minyo, Research Associate, Dept. Horticulture & Crop Science
Laura Lindsey, Assistant Professor, Dept. Horticulture & Crop Science
Allen Geyer, Research Associate, Dept. Horticulture & Crop Science
Clay Sneller, Associate Professor, Dept. Horticulture & Crop Science
Pierce Paul, Associate Professor, Dept. Plant Pathology
David Lohnes, Web Developer, Information Technology Dept.
The purpose of the Ohio Wheat Performance Test
is to evaluate wheat varieties, blends, brands, and breeding lines for yield,
grain quality and other important performance characteristics. This information
gives wheat producers comparative information for selecting the varieties best
suited for their production system and market. Varieties differ in yield
potential, winter hardiness, maturity, standability, disease and insect
resistance, and other agronomic characteristics. Selection should be based on
performance from multiple test sites and years.
EVALUATION PROCEDURES
Each entry was evaluated at five test sites (see front cover) using four replications per site in a randomized complete block design. Plots consisted of 7 rows, 7.5 inches apart and 35 feet long. Participating companies specified the seeding rate used for each of their varieties. Tests were planted within twenty one days after the fly-safe date and approximately 30 pounds of nitrogen was applied at planting followed by the addition of 80-100 pounds in early spring. Herbicides and insecticides were applied as needed for weed and insect control, and the following data were collected:
Yield is reported in bushels per acre at 13.5 percent moisture.
Test Weight is reported in lb/bushel averaged across all locations.
Seed Size is thousands of harvested seeds per pound (Ex: 15.5 = 15,500 seeds per lb.).
Percent Lodging is the percent of plants that lean more than 45 degrees from vertical.
Plant Height is the distance from the soil surface to the top of the heads.
Heading Date was the average calendar day of the year on which 50 percent of the heads were completely emerged. (Example: Day 136 = May 15.)
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) Varieties were evaluated in an inoculated disease screening nursery at Wooster. FHB was rated as the percentage of spikelets diseased per plot (disease index).
Powdery Mildew (PM) Powdery mildew (caused by Blumaria graminis f.
Sp. tritici) was evaluated at Wooster when most varieties were at the heading (Feekes growth stage 10.5) growth stage. Each plot was rated on a 0 to 10 scale where: 0 = 0 to trace % leaf area covered; 1 = leaf 4 with trace - 50%; 2 = leaf 3 with 1-5%; 3 = leaf 3 with 5-15%; 4 = leaf 3 with > 15%; 5 = leaf 2 with 1-5%; 6 = leaf 2 with 5-15%; 7 = leaf 2 with >15%; 8 = leaf 1 with 1-5%; 9 = leaf 1 with 5-15%; and 10 = leaf 1 with >15% leaf area covered (leaf 1 = flag leaf). This scale takes into account the percentage leaf area affected and the upward progress of the disease on the plants.
Glume Blotch (SGB) and Leaf Blotch (SLB) Varieties were evaluated for Stagonospora leaf and glume blotch in an inoculated, irrigated disease screening nursery at Wooster. Both SLB and SGB severity were rated at about Feekes growth stage 11.3 as the average percent leaf and spike area diseased, respectively.
Flour Yield is the percent flour
yield from milled whole grain.
Flour Softness is the percent of fine-granular milled flour. Values
higher than approximately 50 indicate kernel textures that are appropriate
for soft wheat. Generally, high values are more desirable.
CULTURAL PRACTICES BY TEST
SITE |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
COUNTY |
WOOD |
CRAWFORD |
WAYNE |
DARKE |
PICKAWAY |
PREVIOUS CROP |
Soybean |
Soybean |
Soybean |
Soybean |
Soybean |
SOIL TYPE |
Hoytville |
Blount |
Canfield |
Crosby |
Miamian |
TILLAGE |
Reduced Till |
Reduced Till |
Reduced Till |
No-till |
Reduced Till |
PLANT DATE |
Oct. 2 |
Oct. 14 |
Oct. 1 |
Oct. 15 |
Oct. 4 |
SOIL pH |
6.4 |
6.6 |
6.5 |
6.8 |
5.7 |
Soil Test P (ppm) |
40 |
95 |
58 |
34 |
44 |
Soil Test K (ppm) |
183 |
300 |
235 |
103 |
153 |
FERTILIZER (N,P,K) |
117-69-93 |
134-0-120 |
128-69-90 |
136-0-120 |
114-66-62 |
HERBICIDES APPLIED |
Curtail |
Husky |
Harmony Extra
Buctril |
None |
None |
FUNGICIDE APPLIED |
None |
Prosaro |
Prosaro |
Prosaro |
Caramba |
INSECTICIDE APPLIED |
None |
Warrior |
Warrior |
Tombstone |
Tombstone Helois |
HARVEST DATE |
July 15 |
July 14 & 16 |
July 17 & 18 |
July 11 |
July 10 |
GROWING CONDITIONS
In fall 2013, wet field conditions and later than usual soybean harvest delayed
wheat planting. Above average temperatures in October allowed for excellent
emergence and early growth. The extended warm temperatures promoted tillering
and most fields entered winter dormancy in good to excellent condition. In
January and February, many areas of Ohio experienced negative air temperatures.
Many areas experience above average snowfall. Wheat survival the following
spring was good. Cool spring temperatures slowed wheat growth and delayed
green-up. May and June temperatures were fairly cool which resulted in an
extended grain fill period. Harvest was later than normal due to delayed
maturation and rainfall. Lodging was greater than usual; however, grain yield
was fairly high averaging between 92 and 115 bu/ac for the five locations. High
grain yield is partly due to the gradual maturation of the crop resulting in an
extended grain fill period.
RESULTS
Results of the 2014 wheat
performance test are presented in Tables 1-3. Entries in the data tables are
arranged by seed source. A least significant difference (LSD) value can be used
to determine if the performance of two varieties was statistically different.
The yields of two varieties are expected to be significantly different 90
percent of the time if their yields differ by more than the reported LSD value.
Flour yield and softness tests were performed by USDA-ARS Soft Wheat Quality
Laboratory, at OARDC in Wooster, OH, Dr. Byung-Kee Baik, Director.
Test
results for the 87 soft red winter wheat varieties evaluated in 2014 are
presented in Table 1. Tables 2 and 3 contain multi-year variety performance
data. Depending on variety and test site, yields varied between 76.8 and 129.9
bushels per acre and test weight ranged from 56.9 to 61.1 pounds per bushel.
Yield differences between test sites were due primarily to the soil drainage,
weather during the grain fill period, and disease level. Variety selection
should be based on disease resistance, average yield across test sites and years
(Tables 2 & 3), winter hardiness, test weight and standability. Particular
emphasis should be placed on FHB as this is important in reducing vomitoxin in
grain.
Table 4 contains susceptibility of winter wheat varieties to
various diseases in Ohio. Table 5 contains the company contact information and
seed treatments used for each variety entered in the 2014 wheat performance
test.
Inclusion of varieties in the Ohio Wheat Performance Test does not constitute an endorsement of any variety by The Ohio State University, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, or Ohio State University Extension.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank our farmer cooperators for their contributions to the 2014 wheat
variety testing program. We are grateful for the assistance provided by Ken
Scaife, OARDC Field Operations, Wooster, Matt Davis, OARDC Northwest Branch
Research Station, and Steve Prochaska, OSU- Crawford Co. Extension. We thank
Dave Scardena in Communications and Technology for his assistance in preparing
the test results for publication.
Go to Ohio Crop
Performance Homepage
8/2014
All educational programs and activities conducted by Ohio
State University Extension are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory
basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation,
national origin, gender, age, disability or Vietnam-era veteran status.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June
30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Keith L.
Smith, Director, Ohio State University Extension.
|